Chinese scientists have developed a method to rejuvenate lithium-ion batteries, significantly extending their lifespan by injecting lithium to restore lost capacity, researchers at Fudan University said.
A team of chemists, molecular engineers, and material scientists at the university found that adding lithium back into aging batteries could increase their charge cycles from approximately 1,500 to 12,000, a nearly eightfold improvement. The process, which involves injecting a special molecule—LiSO₂CF₃—into depleted batteries, could help reduce battery waste and improve sustainability in the electric vehicle and electronics industries.
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“The degradation of lithium-ion batteries is similar to the progression of a disease, where a key component deteriorates while the rest remains functional,” the researchers stated. Over time, lithium ions accumulate as “dead lithium,” reducing battery efficiency and ultimately leading to disposal once capacity falls below 80% of its original value.
The team used an AI-driven application trained on molecular properties to identify LiSO₂CF₃ as a suitable molecule for lithium restoration. The compound is not only compatible with existing battery technology but is also relatively inexpensive to produce. Once injected into the battery, it releases a small amount of gas before allowing the cell to be recharged, effectively replenishing lost lithium ions and restoring capacity.
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Laboratory tests demonstrated that the method dramatically extended battery lifespan, potentially reducing the need for frequent battery replacements and lowering environmental impact. However, the researchers noted that the process is not universally applicable to all lithium-ion batteries. “For this method to work, batteries must be designed with specific features that allow the chemical by-products to escape,” they explained.
Despite this limitation, the research highlights a promising approach to improving battery longevity and sustainability. If adapted for commercial use, the technology could help reduce reliance on raw lithium extraction and contribute to more efficient battery recycling.
Source: nature.com, interestingengineering.com